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Objective@#To analyze the characteristics of individuals positive for SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid in a centralized isolation site for people entering China in Huzhou City of Zhejiang Province from December 18, 2021 to January 12, 2022, so as to provide insights into the prevention and control of overseas imported COVID-19. @*Methods@#The basic characteristics, nucleic acid detection and epidemiological investigations were collected from individuals positive for SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid in a centralized isolation site for people entering China from December 18, 2021 to January 12, 2022, and the temporal distribution, population distribution, source of importation, and virus typing were descriptively analyzed.@*Results @#From December 18, 2021 to January 12, 2022, a total of 2 974 individuals in 19 flights were recorded in this centralized isolation site, and 33 cases were tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid, including 21 confirmed cases with common type, 9 confirmed cases with mild type, and 3 cases with asymptomatic infections. There were 11 cases with Omicron infections ( 33.33% ), 5 cases with Delta infections ( 15.15% ), and 17 cases with infection of unidentified types ( 51.52% ). The median interval ( interquartile range ) from the time of entry to the time of a positive test was 4.0 ( 7.0 ) days among all positive cases, 0 ( 4.0 ) day among cases with Omicron infections and 4.5 ( 8.5 ) days among cases with infections of Delta and unidentified types. The positive cases had a mean age of ( 36.97±8.58 ) years, and included 27 men (81.82%). There were 30 cases ( 90.91% ) receiving two and more doses of COVID-19 vaccines, and 7 cases ( 21.21% ) with a previous history of SARS-CoV-2 infections. There were 19 cases ( 57.58% ) from African countries, and 7 of 11 cases with Omicron infections were imported from African countries.@*Conclusion@#Omicron infection was predominant among individuals positive for SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid in this centralized isolation site for people entering China from December 18, 2021 to January 12, 2022, with no severe cases detected, and most positive cases were imported from African countries.
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ObjectiveTo screen out the extended spectrum beta-lactamase （ESBL）-producing Escherichia coli with the strongest biofilm-forming ability through experiments， and discuss the effect of modified Dayuansan （MDYS） combined with imipenem-cilastatin and cilastatin sodium on the biofilm of E. coli. MethodThe paper diffusion and crystal violet staining methods were used to identify 19 clinically isolated strains of drug-resistant E. coli-induced enzymes and the biofilm-forming ability. The induced enzymes and the E. coli with the strongest biofilm-forming ability were screened out. The minimum inhibitory concentration （MIC） value of MDYS and imipenem-cilastatin and cilastatin sodium was determined by 2，3-bis（2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl）-2H-tetrazolium-5-carboxamide （XTT） assay. The 1/2， 1/4， and 1/8 MIC of the water extract of MDYS， imipenem-cilastatin and cilastatin sodium alone， and MDYS combined with imipenem-cilastatin and cilastatin sodium was determined by methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium （MTT） assay to obtain the optimum concentration of drugs. BioFlux dynamically observed the effect of the optimum combined drug concentration on the number of bacteria in the biofilm and the biofilm formation of E. coli， and observed the distribution of live/dead bacteria with a laser confocal scanning microscope. Finally， the morphological changes in bacteria after drug treatment were observed statically by scanning electron microscopy. ResultE5E7 strain was ESBL enzyme and the E. coli with the strongest biofilm-forming ability. The results of MTT assay showed that the MIC values of the water extracts of imipenem-cilastatin and cilastatin sodium and MDYS were 1 mg·L-1 and 250 g·L-1， respectively. The results of XTT assay showed that compared with the blank group， the 1/2， 1/4， and 1/8 MIC MDYS groups and the combined drug groups significantly decreased the number of bacteria in the biofilm （P<0.01）. The inhibitory effect diminished as the concentration of imipenem-cilastatin and cilastatin sodium decreased. Compared with the imipenem-cilastatin and cilastatin sodium group with the same concentration， the combined drug group improved the inhibitory effect on the number of bacteria in the biofilm （P<0.01）. Compared with the MDYS group with the same concentration， 1/2 MIC imipenem-cilastatin and cilastatin sodium combined with 1/2， 1/4， and 1/8 MIC MDYS， 1/4 MIC imipenem-cilastatin and cilastatin sodium combined with 1/2 and 1/4 MIC MDYS， and 1/8 MIC imipenem-cilastatin and cilastatin sodium combined with 1/2 and 1/4 MIC MDYS decreased the number of bacteria （P<0.05， P<0.01）. The results of BioFlux showed that compared with the blank group， the 1/2 and 1/8 MIC imipenem-cilastatin and cilastatin sodium groups had an insignificant effect on the area of biofilm， whereas the 1/2 and 1/4 MIC MDYS groups significantly decreased the area of biofilm. The results under the scanning electron microscopy showed that as compared with the blank group and the imipenem-cilastatin and cilastatin sodium group， the division cycle was significantly longer under the action of MDYS combined with imipenem-cilastatin and cilastatin sodium. The length of the division cycle in the combined drug group was higher than that in drug alone group. ConclusionIn vitro studies reveal that MDYS combined with commonly-used antibiotics can inhibit the biofilm status of multi-drug resistant E. coli， and MDYS has the effect of enhancing sensitization and inhibiting bacteria with synergistic antibiotics.
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ObjectiveTo screen out the extended spectrum beta-lactamase （ESBL）-producing Escherichia coli with the strongest biofilm-forming ability through experiments， and discuss the effect of modified Dayuansan （MDYS） combined with imipenem-cilastatin and cilastatin sodium on the biofilm of E. coli. MethodThe paper diffusion and crystal violet staining methods were used to identify 19 clinically isolated strains of drug-resistant E. coli-induced enzymes and the biofilm-forming ability. The induced enzymes and the E. coli with the strongest biofilm-forming ability were screened out. The minimum inhibitory concentration （MIC） value of MDYS and imipenem-cilastatin and cilastatin sodium was determined by 2，3-bis（2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl）-2H-tetrazolium-5-carboxamide （XTT） assay. The 1/2， 1/4， and 1/8 MIC of the water extract of MDYS， imipenem-cilastatin and cilastatin sodium alone， and MDYS combined with imipenem-cilastatin and cilastatin sodium was determined by methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium （MTT） assay to obtain the optimum concentration of drugs. BioFlux dynamically observed the effect of the optimum combined drug concentration on the number of bacteria in the biofilm and the biofilm formation of E. coli， and observed the distribution of live/dead bacteria with a laser confocal scanning microscope. Finally， the morphological changes in bacteria after drug treatment were observed statically by scanning electron microscopy. ResultE5E7 strain was ESBL enzyme and the E. coli with the strongest biofilm-forming ability. The results of MTT assay showed that the MIC values of the water extracts of imipenem-cilastatin and cilastatin sodium and MDYS were 1 mg·L-1 and 250 g·L-1， respectively. The results of XTT assay showed that compared with the blank group， the 1/2， 1/4， and 1/8 MIC MDYS groups and the combined drug groups significantly decreased the number of bacteria in the biofilm （P<0.01）. The inhibitory effect diminished as the concentration of imipenem-cilastatin and cilastatin sodium decreased. Compared with the imipenem-cilastatin and cilastatin sodium group with the same concentration， the combined drug group improved the inhibitory effect on the number of bacteria in the biofilm （P<0.01）. Compared with the MDYS group with the same concentration， 1/2 MIC imipenem-cilastatin and cilastatin sodium combined with 1/2， 1/4， and 1/8 MIC MDYS， 1/4 MIC imipenem-cilastatin and cilastatin sodium combined with 1/2 and 1/4 MIC MDYS， and 1/8 MIC imipenem-cilastatin and cilastatin sodium combined with 1/2 and 1/4 MIC MDYS decreased the number of bacteria （P<0.05， P<0.01）. The results of BioFlux showed that compared with the blank group， the 1/2 and 1/8 MIC imipenem-cilastatin and cilastatin sodium groups had an insignificant effect on the area of biofilm， whereas the 1/2 and 1/4 MIC MDYS groups significantly decreased the area of biofilm. The results under the scanning electron microscopy showed that as compared with the blank group and the imipenem-cilastatin and cilastatin sodium group， the division cycle was significantly longer under the action of MDYS combined with imipenem-cilastatin and cilastatin sodium. The length of the division cycle in the combined drug group was higher than that in drug alone group. ConclusionIn vitro studies reveal that MDYS combined with commonly-used antibiotics can inhibit the biofilm status of multi-drug resistant E. coli， and MDYS has the effect of enhancing sensitization and inhibiting bacteria with synergistic antibiotics.
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For the ideal preclinical animal model of hepatitis B virus (HBV), its hepatocytes should allow HBV entry and cccDNA generation and have both innate and adaptive immune systems. However, HBV only naturally infects humans and chimpanzees due to highly restricted species specificity, and no effective model has been established so far to truly reflect the immune mechanism and pathogenesis of HBV infection. This article reviews five commonly used mouse models, i.e., HBV transgenic model, HBV plasmid DNA hydrodynamic injection model, AAV-HBV transfection model, cccDNA surrogate model, and human-mouse chimeric liver model, and looks forward to the new models that will appear in the future, such as hNTCP transgenic cynomolgus monkey, rhesus monkey, or pig models, so as to provide a reference for researchers to select these models, accelerate the process of drug screening, validate new therapies, and better solve the problems of HBV biological pathogenesis.
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Objective:To evaluate the skin development and repair process of X-ray radiation damage in rat with non-invasive two-photon excitation fluorescence (TPEF) imaging technology in vivo. Methods:Totally 24 SD rats were randomly divided into four groups including X-ray irradiated group (25, 35 and 45 Gy) and non-irradiation control group. At different times after irradiation, the degree of skin injury was evaluated, and the pathological changes of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (phosphate) [NAD(P)H] and collagen fiber fluorescence signals in epidermal cells were detected in vivo by TPEF imaging technology. Results:At 10 d post-irradiation, the skin of irradiation groups showed erythema and desquamation. At 15-20 d post-irradiation, the skin of radiation groups developed progressive exudation, edema and ulcers with increasing radiation dose. On day 25, the skin began to repair in the 25 Gy group, however, the skin of other groups still had exudation and ulcers. On day 10, NAD(P)H fluorescence signal in epidermal cells of irradiation groups decreased and the fluorescence signal of collagen fibers in papillary layer and reticular layer of irradiation groups reduced, which were significantly lower than that of normal control group ( t=24.145, 28.303, 26.989, 6.654, 7.510, 7.997, P<0.05). On day 30, fluorescence signal of NAD(P)H and collagen fibers in epidermal cells and dermis began to repair, the cell from stratum granulosum, stratum spinosum, and stratum basale in the 25 Gy group showed fluorescence signal, the other groups did not show. The fluorescence signal of collagen fibers in the 25 Gy group were gradually increased in papillary layer and reticular layer, however, they were significantly lower than normal control group ( t=115.133, 17.431, P<0.05), the skin of 45 Gy group did not show fluorescence signal of collagen fibers. Conclusions:The damage and repair process of epidermal cells and dermal collagen fiber can be detected noninvasively by TPEF imaging technology after X-ray irradiation in vivo.
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Recently we have established a new culture condition enabling the derivation of extended pluripotent stem (EPS) cells, which, compared to conventional pluripotent stem cells, possess superior developmental potential and germline competence. However, it remains unclear whether this condition permits derivation of EPS cells from mouse strains that are refractory or non-permissive to pluripotent cell establishment. Here, we show that EPS cells can be robustly generated from non-permissive NOD-scid Il2rg mice through de novo derivation from blastocysts. Furthermore, these cells can also be efficiently generated by chemical reprogramming from embryonic NOD-scid Il2rg fibroblasts. NOD-scid Il2rg EPS cells can be expanded for more than 20 passages with genomic stability and can be genetically modified through gene targeting. Notably, these cells contribute to both embryonic and extraembryonic lineages in vivo. More importantly, they can produce chimeras and integrate into the E13.5 genital ridge. Our study demonstrates the feasibility of generating EPS cells from refractory mouse strains, which could potentially be a general strategy for deriving mouse pluripotent cells. The generation of NOD-scid Il2rg EPS cell lines permits sophisticated genetic modification in NOD-scid Il2rg mice, which may greatly advance the optimization of humanized mouse models for biomedical applications.
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In the original publication Fig. 1D and supplementary material is incorrect. The correct figure and supplementary material is provided in this correction.
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Objective To observe the effects of Bushen Huoxue Formula on free radical metabolism and p16 protein expression in heart of aged rats; To discuss its protective mechanism to the heart of aged rats.Methods One hundred were divided into young control group, the natural aging group,Bushen HuoxueFormula high-, medium- and low-dose groups, with 20 rats in each group. Each medication group was given relevant medicine for gavage, once a day for 16 weeks. 1 hour after the last administration, after the rats were sacrificed, serum and heart were taken. The contents of NO and MDA and activities of CAT and SOD in serum and myocardial,β-galactosidase enzyme and p16 protein expression in myocardial tissue were detected.ResultsCompared with the natural aging group, NO content and SOD activity in the serum of rats inBushen Huoxue Formula high-dose group increased significantly (P<0.05) and MDA content in allBushen Huoxue Formula groups decreased (P<0.01); NO content, CAT and SOD activity in the myocardial tissue of rats inBushen HuoxueFormula high-dose group increased significantly, and MDA content decreased significantly (P<0.05). CAT activity in allBushen HuoxueFormula groups increased (P<0.05,P<0.01).β-galactosidase enzyme and p16 protein expression in myocardial tissue in allBushen Huoxue Formula groups decreased.Conclusion Bushen Huoxue Formula can in hibit the aging of myocardial-aged rats, and the mechanism might be related to its anti-oxidative damage and inhibition of tumor suppressor gene p16 expression.
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Objective To investigate the differences and significance of blood levels of T helper 17 (Th17) cell and interleukin17 (IL-17) between peripheral and culprit vessels in patients with acute coronary syndrome.Methods A total of 76 patients recruited in 2012 were divided into three groups according to the coronary angiography and clinical manifestations:acute coronary syndrome,stable angina and control groups.The blood samples were taken from cubital vein and culprit coronary artery after coronary angiography.The percentage of Th17s among CD4+ T cells was detected by flow cytometric analysis and the IL-t7 levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.Results There was no significant difference in the percentages of Th17 cells between peripheral blood and culprit artery blood [(3.18 ± 0.29) ％ vs.(3.17 ±0.30)％,(P =0.919)];but the perecentages of Th17 in peripheral blood were found to be significantly higher in patients with acute coronary syndrome (3.18 ± 0.29)％ than those with stable angina (1.32 ± 0.31) ％ and those without coronary heart disease (1.28 ± 0.33) ％,(P ＜ 0.01).There was no significant difference in the level of IL-17 between peripheral blood and culprit artery blood [(81.23 ± 18.63) vs.(82.37 ±20.51) pg/mL,P =0.573];but the level of IL-17 in peripheral blood was also significantly higher in patients with acute coronary syndrome than those with stable angina and those without coronary heart disease [(81.23 ± 18.63) vs.(25.96 ± 14.58) pg/mL or (23.75 ± 13.64) pg/mL,P ＜0.01].Conclution There were no significant differences in percentage of Th17 cell among CD4 + T cells and levels of IL-17 in blood between peripheral and culprit vessels in patients with acute coronary syndrome.The percentage of Th17 among CD4 + T cells and the levels of IL-17 in blood increase in patients with acute coronary syndrome suggesting a potential role of Th17 and IL-17 in the development and instability of the atheroma.
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Objective To investigate the effects of Jiawei Danshen Decoction on endothelial cell ultrastructure, serum NO and ET in apolipoprotein E-knockout atherosclerosis (AS) mice;To discuss its mechanism of anti-atherosclerosis.Methods Totally 24 7-8 weeks old ApoE -/- mice were fed with a high fat diet for 12 weeks until the a mature atherosclerotic plaque was formed. They were randomly divided into four groups:model group, control group,Jiawei Danshen Decoction of low-dose group and high-dose group, 6 mice in each group. Another 6 normal C57BL/6J mice with the same strain were set as the blank group, and fed with general diet. After medicine intervention by gavage for 8 weeks, blood was extracted from orbital venous to measure serum NO and ET;aortic endothelial cell ultrastructure changes were observed by transmission electron microscope.Results Compared with the blank group, the level of NO obviously decreased and ET significantly increased in the model group (P<0.01). Compared with model group, medicine intervention increased NO and reduce ET level (P<0.05). Electron microscopy results showed that the model group showed fatty streaks stage performance;endothelial damage in each administration group was improved compared with model group.Conclusion Jiawei Danshen Decoction can improve the endothelial cell ultrastructure and functions and protect endothelial cells, with a purpose to delay the AS process.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To compare the anaphylactoid effect of Danshen injection and its components on guinea pig.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Applying active systemic anaphylaxis (ASA) tests, the corresponding experimental injections were administrated to guinea pigs to sensitized, and allergen with double doses was injected to stimulate in the 11 days after the last sensitized. The anaphylaxis situation of guinea pigs was observed.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Danshen injection and its components are suspicion on guinea pigs, while negative reaction was observed on guinea pigs which injected by the liquid excipients of Danshen injection.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Danshen injection using the ultrafiltration method still have some antigenic impurities which cannot be removed completely, and this may be one of the reasons for anaphylactic reaction.</p>
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Animals , Female , Male , Anaphylaxis , Drugs, Chinese Herbal , Toxicity , Guinea Pigs , Injections , Methods , Phenanthrolines , Toxicity , Salvia miltiorrhiza , Chemistry , ToxicityABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the therapeutic effect of combined administration of lactobacilli and clostridium butyricum on acute mice ulcerative colitis, and explore its therapeutic mechanism.Methods Dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced mice model of acute ulcerative colitis was established. After administration of lactobacilli and clostridium butyricum, the pathological change of tunica mucosa coli was observed and the expression levels of tumor necorisis factor (TNF-α) and tissue factor (TF) were measured.Results Lactobacilli and clostridium butyricum significantly alleviated the damage of tunica mucosa coli and suppressed the expression of TNF-αand TF. By comparison, there were the lightest histological damage and the lowest expression of TNF-αand TF when lactobacilli and clostridium butyricum were administrated combined.Conclusion Both lactobacilli and clostridium butyricum show therapeutic effect on DSS-induced mice ulcerative colitis. The coordinate repression on expression of TNF-αand TF may be the molecular mechanism of the co-effect on mice UC.
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Objective To explore the effect and the mechanism of glycynhizin in the prevention of colonic cancer (after) cholecystectomy. Methods Sixty mice were randomly divided into 3 groups: Sham group(S group),group of model of colonic cancer after cholecystectomy(C group) and glycynhizin treatment group(GL group). The incidence of colonic cancer, expressions of p53 mRNA,p21 mRNA and bcl-2mRNA and the activity of NF-?B were tested. Results The incidence of colonic cancer in C group was significantly higher than that in GL group (P